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  1: Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah The great men were born in different places of this world but their activities make them familiar and closer to us. Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah was one of those who contributed a lot towards Bangla language and literature. He was the greatest scholar of Bengal. This great scholar was born on July, 1885 at 24 Pargonas in West Bengal, India. He passed his Entrance Examination in 1904 and obtained his BA degree six years later. It took him two years to complete his MA and another two years for his Bachelor of Law degree. He later joined the University of Dhaka in 1921 as a Professor of Sanskrit and Bengali. He was awarded the Doctorate Degree from Sorbonne University, Paris in 1928. 'Bangla Shahitter Katha', the first well-arranged history of Bengali literature was composed by him that was published in 1953. This great scholar remained busy with his work till he became seriously ill in 1967 and was confined to bed for about two and a half years. Dr. Sha...

Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum, coal and natural gas for their energy sources. There are two major types of energy sources: renewable and non-renewable. Hydro-carbon or fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. Reliance on them poses real big problems. First, fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas, etc. are finite energy resources and the world eventually will run out of them. Secondly, they will become too expensive in the coming decades and too damaging for the environment. Thirdly, fossil fuels have direct polluting impacts on earth's environment causing global warming. In contrast, renewable energy sources such as, wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out. Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight or solar energy can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses. The sun's heat drives the wind and this wind...

Zahir Raihan was one of the most talented film makers in Bangladesh. He was born on 19 August 1935 in the village Majupur in Feni district. He was an active worker of the Language Movement. He was one of the ten students to go out in a procession on 21 February 1952 despite a ban on such activities imposed by the authorities. As a result, he and many others were arrested and taken to prison. Raihan was also present at the historical meeting of Amtala on 21 February 1952. He also took part in the mass movement in 1969. In 1971, he joined the Liberation War. All through his life, Zahir Raihan dreamt of a democratic society, a society that would ensure freedom of speech. He had many dreams about our film industry too. He made a legendary film Jibon Theke Neya based on the Language Movement of 1952. It was a protest against the autocratic government then ruling our country. The family portrayed in that film symbolically represented East Pakistan. The family was ruled by an autocrat who h...

 'Heritage' is what we inherit from the past, live with in the present and then pass on to our children or future generation. Our unique source of life and inspiration is our cultural and natural heritage. When we speak of 'World Heritage', it indicates places and sites that we inherited from the past and pass on to the future generation of the entire world. The 'Shat Gambuj Mosque' in Bagerhat is such a heritage. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Originally, the historic Mosque City was known as 'Khalifatabad'. It is situated at the outskirts of Bagerhat town—not very far from the dense mangrove forest of the Sundarbans. Khalifatabad was a Muslim colony. It was founded by the Turkish general, a saint warrior Ulugh Khan Jahan in the 15th century. The infrastructure of the city reveals significant technical skills in many mosques as well as early Islamic monuments. Baked bricks were used for the construction of the buildings. The planning ...

21 February is observed as Shaheed Dibosh every year throughout the country in remembrance of the martyrs of language movement of 1952. The commemoration begins at the early hours of the day with mourning songs that recall the supreme sacrifices of our language martyrs. People wear black badges and go to the Shaheed Minar in barefoot processions, singing mourning songs. They place wreaths at the Minar . Many of them visit the graves of the martyrs at Azimpur graveyard and pray for them. They also attend various programmes organised in remembrance of the language martyrs. The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) on 17 November in 1999 proclaimed February 21 as the International Mother Language Day in recognition of the sacrifices of the martyrs for the rightful place of Bangla. Two Bangladeshi expatriates living in Vancouver in Canada, Rafiqul Islam and Abdus Salam, sent a proposal to Kofi Anan, the then Secretary General of United Nations. They ...

21 February is a memorable day in our national history. We observe the day every year as International Mother Language Day. The day is a national holiday. On this day, we pay tribute to the martyrs who laid down their lives to establish Bangla as a state language in undivided Pakistan in 1952. The struggle to achieve our language rights is known as the Language Movement. The seed of Language Movement was sown on 21 March 1948 when Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the Governor General of Pakistan, declared in a public meeting in Dhaka that Urdu would be the only state language of Pakistan. The declaration raised a storm of protest all over the country. The protest continued non-stop, gathering momentum day by day. It turned into a movement and reached its climax in 1952. The government outlawed all sorts of public meetings and rallies to stop it. The students of Dhaka University defied the law and brought out a peaceful protest procession on 21 February 1952. When the procession reached near Dha...

Human being can neither change the sun’s radiation nor the earth’s orbit around the sun. But they can control the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases and its effect on the atmosphere. Only during the last hundred years the carbon dioxide concentration has been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere and we humans can be held responsible for this. The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Since the end of the 19th century, industrial activities increased rapidly giving rise to many factories. These factories required energy, which was produced through the combustion of coal. Besides coal, other sources of energy such as mineral oil and natural gas were also burned to heat our houses, run cars and airplanes or to produce electricity. Nowadays, about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. Every time a fossil raw material is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the air. Therefore, it is clear that more and mo...

  2. RAJSHAHI BOARD–2026, 2022 Viqarunnisa Noon School & College, Dhaka–2023; Bhola Government Girls'... Truth always Prevails in the world. Falsehood may Triumph for the time being. Those, who Are engaged in Preaching  the truth Are Honoured by all people. Those who Feel  interest in telling lies cannot Shine in life. They may prosper seemingly. But, they cannot Reign all the time. Socrates throughout his life tried to preach the truth. He tried to make people Understand what was good for them. He was troubled by the powerful people. Yet, he never Stopped teaching good things. 3. JASHORE BOARD–2026 Words given: go | drink | notice | drop | be | carry | … July, but there was still no sign of rain. Clouds crossed the sky but they only Made the heat hotter.  A crow felt thirsty. There Was no water anywhere, except in a small bottle on a pushcart at the street corner. He remembered his grandpa's advice, “Go and get the pebbles from the riverbed and D...

  Human being can neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun. But they can control the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases and its effect on the atmosphere. Only during the last hundred years the carbon dioxide concentration has been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere and we humans can be held responsible for this. The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Since the end of the 19th century, industrial activities increased rapidly giving rise to many factories. These factories required energy, which was produced through the combustion of coal. Besides coal, other sources of energy such as mineral oil and natural gas were also burned to heat our houses, run cars and airplanes or to produce electricity. Nowadays, about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. Every time a fossil raw material is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the air. Therefore, it is clear that mor...

  Robin received a letter. He read the letter over and over. He was very excited. It came from his aunt Amina. Aunt Amina and her family live in the countryside forty miles away from Dhaka. Robin ran to his mother and said, "Mom, listen to this letter." He then read it to her. Master Bari Banchharampur B. Baria 10 June, 2025   Dear Robin, We are happy to know that your summer holiday is starting from the next week. We would like you to come and stay with us for a few days. We know you’ll like the country. We have four ducks, six chickens, and a cow that gives fresh milk everyday. Your cousin Maher is just about your age. He's very excited and is making a lot of plans to do together. Let us know when you will arrive. We have already talked to your parents. Tell them not to worry. We'll be at the bus station to receive you. Your Aunt Amina and Uncle Karim    Mo-25 The term 'global village' was first used by Marshal McLuhan. In 196...

In the modern age, No state is entirely self-sufficient. From this necessity, the ideas of regional and international co-operation emerged. Many international organizations have been formed. One of them is the United Nations. The United Nations was formed with a view to establishing world peace. Almost all countries of the world are member states of the United Nations. Bangladesh achieved the membership of the United Nations in 1974. Besides, there are different regional organizations, such as- SAARC, ASEAN, EU, G-7, OAU, OIC, Arab League etc. These organizations work collectively for the interest of their member countries. In class five, we have learnt about different agencies and organizations affiliated with of the United Nations. In this chapter, we will know about different organizations of regional cooperation along with their aims and functions. At the end of this chapter, we will be able to- explain the importance of regional cooperation; mention various aspects of cooperat...

  Lesson 1–3: The Properties of Matters and their Classification We have to use various materials in doing different works. We use thousands of materials, starting with the water to wash our hands and face just after getting up from bed in the morning. We use various types of food, crockery, clothes, toy, stone, cycle, football, marble, book, etc. Of these, some are soft, some are hard, some are shiny, some are round and some are flat. But all of them are matters. All of these materials occupy space and have mass. So, we can say that things which occupy space and have mass are called matters. However, the volume of some very small particles of matters is negligible. There are numerous types of matters in the world and they are classified in various ways. Among these, one of the classifications is based on the state of the matter. Let us take an example. When a piece of ice is kept in a pot, what happens? It is converted into water. Again we can convert the water into vapour by heat...

  May Day or International Workers' Day is observed on May 1 all over the world today to commemorate the historical struggle and sacrifices of the working people to establish an eight-hour workday. It is a public holiday in almost all the countries of the world.   Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the US, the workers in mills and factories had been working a long shift, fourteen or even more hours a day.   On May 1st in 1886, inspired by the trade unions, half of the workers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company in Chicago went on strike demanding an eight-hour workday. Two days later, a workers' rally was held near the McCormick Harvester Machine Company and about 6000 workers joined it. The rally was addressed by the labour leaders. They urged the workers to stand together, to go on with their struggle and not to give in to their bosses. At one point of the rally, some strike breakers started leaving the meeting p...

21 February is a memorable day in our national history. We observe the day every year as International Mother Language Day. The day is a national holiday. On this day, we pay tribute to the martyrs who laid down their lives to establish Bangla as a state language in undivided Pakistan in 1952. The struggle to achieve our language rights is known as the Language Movement. The seed of the Language Movement was sown on 21 March 1948 when Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the Governor General of Pakistan, declared in a public meeting in Dhaka that Urdu would be the only state language of Pakistan. The declaration raised a storm of protest all over the country. The protest continued non-stop, gathering momentum day by day. It turned into a movement and reached its climax in 1952. The government outlawed all sorts of public meetings and rallies to stop it. The students of Dhaka University defied the law and brought out a peaceful protest procession on 21 February 1952. When the procession reached near Dh...

Michael Madhusudan Dutt was a celebrated 19th century Bangalee poet and dramatist. He was born in Sagordari on the bank of the Kopotaksho River, a village in Keshabpur Upazila under Jashore district. From an early age, Michael aspired to be an Englishman in form and manner. Though he was born in a sophisticated Hindu- family, he converted to Christianity as a young man, much to the ire of his family, and adopted the first name Michael. In his childhood, he was recognised by his teachers as a precious child with a gift of literary talent. His early exposure to English education and European literature at home and his college inspired him to imitate the English in taste, manners and intellect. Since his adolescence he started believing that he was born on the wrong side of the planet, and that his society was unable to appreciate his talent. He also believed that the West would be more receptive to his creative genius. Madhusudan was an ardent follower of the famous English poet Lord Byr...

Mother Teresa was moved by the sight of the sick and dying on the streets of Kolkata. She founded a home for the dying destitute and named it 'Nirmal Hriday', meaning 'Pure Heart'. She and her fellow nuns brought the dying people off the streets of Kolkata to this home. They were and cared for. Since then many men, women and children have been taken from the streets and carried to Nirmol Hriday. These unloved and uncared for people get an opportunity to die in an environment of kindness and love. In their last hours they get human and divine love, and can feel they are also children of God. The Missionaries of Charity try to find jobs for those who survive, or send them to homes where they can live happily for some more years in a caring environment. Regarding commitment to family, Mother Teresa said, "May be in our own family, we have somebody, who is feeling lonely, who is feeling sick, who is feeling worried. Are we there? Are we willing to give until it hurts i...